Which term describes laws, policies, and standards of conduct created to affect the kind of mores and values a just society wishes to see in regulating behavior between its citizens?

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Formal directives that guide conduct in a society are rules. When a society aims to shape how people interact and to uphold shared values, it enacts laws, policies, and standard procedures as specific rules that citizens are expected to follow. These rules establish clear what's allowed and what's not, and they come with enforceable consequences to keep behavior aligned with societal expectations.

Ethics, by contrast, are the moral principles that individuals or professionals strive to live by, and they aren’t typically enforceable in the same way. Norms are informal social expectations about behavior that aren’t codified into law or policy. Standards can be benchmarks or requirements, but the element that ties them together into enforceable guidance for regulating behavior between citizens is the rule.